3rd Generation Cephalosporins

Cephalosporins (β-Lactams)

AMEG B
Banned in Poultry

Drugs:

• Oral:
  • Cefixime: Off label
  • Cefpodoxime: Off label
  • Proxetil: Off label
• Parenteral:
  • Cefoperazone: Antibiotics Acting Against Pseudomonas spp, Authorized as Intramammary infusion, excreted in the Bile
  • Cefotaxime: Off label, crosses the BBB
  • Cefovecin: Very high protein binding
  • Ceftazidime: Antibiotics Acting Against Pseudomonas spp, Off label, crosses the BBB
  • Ceftiofur: Very high protein binding, for Farm animals
  • Ceftriaxone: Off label, crosses the BBB, excreted in the Bile

Antibiotics	Administration	High protein binding	Excretion	Cross the BBB: IV for Small animals only	Antibiotics Acting Against Pseudomonas spp	Authorized
Cefixime Cefpodoxime Proxetil	Oral		Kidney			Off label
Cefovecin Ceftiofur	Parenteral	Yes	Kidney			Yes
Cefotaxime	Parenteral		Kidney	Yes		Off label
Ceftazidime	Parenteral		Kidney	Yes	Yes	Off label
Ceftriaxone	Parenteral		Bile	Yes		Off label
Cefoperazone	Parenteral		Bile		Yes	Yes

Gr+ (+++), Gr- (+++)
Antibacterial spectrum:

• Weak activity against Gr+ bacteria
• Effective against most β-Lactamase producing Gr- bacteria:
  • Fastidious (Pasteurella, Mannheimia, Histophillus, Actinobacillus, Biebersteinia): Respiratory tract infections
  • Anaerobic bacteria: Oral cavity infections, Bite wounds
  • E. coli: UTI, Enteritis
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Only Cefoperazone and Ceftazidime work (Antibiotics Acting Against Pseudomonas spp)
  • Except ESBL producing bacteria (Resistant Bacteria)

Pharmacokinetics:

• Lipophilic > Extensive Liver metabolism > Avoid in liver failure patients
• Excreted by the Kidney in active form > Very good for UTI
  • Except: Cefoperazone, Ceftriaxone excreted in the bile > Good alternative for renal patients
• Mostly Parenteral
• Better distribution
  • Some 3rd Generation Cephalosporins can even cross the BBB: Good for Meningitis, Lyme disease
    • Cefoperazone, Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone
    • Given IV for small animal ONLY